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Pliny the Elder records five bronze statues of Amazons in the Artemision of Ephesus.〔Nat Hist. (34.75 ).〕 He explains the existence of such a quantity of sculptures on the same theme in the same place by describing a 5th-century BC competition between the artists Polyclitus, Phidias, Kresilas, "Kydon"〔The designation of a "Kydon type" among surviving examples has been explained by a textual mistaking of Kresilas's place of birth - Kydonia - for the name of a fifth sculptor; Gisela Richter observed, however, that ''Kydon'' is not attested as an ethnic designation, but is well known as a given name (Richter, "Pliny's five Amazons", ''Archaeology'' 12 ()).〕 and Phradmon; thus: This anecdote encouraged the much-discussed identifications of four known types of Roman marble copies of the wounded Amazon with sculptors of lost originals that may be dated to 430 BC on stylistic grounds. These types, each well represented by numerous Roman copies and heads, are identified with three of Pliny's five sculptors; a type derived from Phradmon has not been identified. Of these, however, only the identification of the Mattei type as deriving from Phidias's original is undisputed. The assignment of the Sciarra-type as deriving from Polyclitus's original and Sosicles-type as deriving from Kresilas's original (or vice versa), on the other hand, is unestablished, although having been discussed since 1897. The German scholar R. Bolnach has written a thorough form-analysis for the Sciarra/Polycletus and Sosikles/Kresilas pairings. Dietrich von Bothmer dismissed the Plinian anecdote as an etiological embroidery〔"Pliny's account... may well be an embroidered anecdote prompted by the presence of four statues of the same subject in the same sanctuary by different artists" (von Bothmer, ''Amazons in Greek Art'', Oxford 1957:212, quoted in , p. 2).〕 invented to account for the five statues of wounded Amazons of varying styles. Brunilde Sismondo Ridgway presented her doubts ("it is difficult to see why all five Amazons were set up if only one 'won' and became the object of the dedication"), noting Pliny's awareness of the discrepancies in age of the sculptors;〔''"quamquam diversis aetatibus geniti"''.〕 she presented an alternative, cumulative origin, building on fifth century prototypes, added to by Phradmon, whom she identifies as a fourth-century sculptor, and supplemented by later classicizing models.〔Brunilde Sismondo Ridgway, ("A Story of Five Amazons", ) ''American Journal of Archaeology,'' 78.1 (January 1974:1-17).〕 ==Types== The usual designations of the statues, following Adolf Furtwängler, group them under the headings the Lansdowne type, the Capitoline type, the Mattei type and the single example known as the Villa Doria Pamphilj type.〔Ridgeway 1974:2ff〕 A fifth type was excavated at the theater of Ephesus in 1898 but did not enter the discussion until the 1950s. All five types show a standing female with a similar head and face, and (as with the Venus Genetrix) are clothed in a peplos that has fallen from one or both shoulders to leave her bare-breasted. Their differences are most obvious when the three sculptures, or casts therof, are displayed together, as at the Casts Gallery at the Cambridge Classics Faculty.〔(Casts )〕 The pose, with one arm resting on the head, is comparable to that of the Apollo Lykeios. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Amazon statue types」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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